Ifedayo A. Olusola, Olusegun G. Lala, Adebayo Aroyehun et al. (4 contributing authors)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality, demanding innovative approaches for effective clinical management and medication administration. This study presents an intelligent model designed to support drug administration in patients with CHD using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), structured clinical workflows, and stakeholder-informed system requirements. Data for model development were obtained using structured interviews with cardiologists, pharmacists, and administrative personnel from UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo, State. In addition, a merged heart disease dataset from Kaggle containing 1,190 instances and 11 clinically relevant features. Preprocessing procedures including data cleaning, feature selection, normalization, and categorical encoding were performed on the acquired data. The proposed system was designed using UML tools to model workflows, class interactions, and user roles, ensuring alignment with real-world clinical processes. The ANN model was developed and integrated into a functional clinical information system using Node.js, Flutter, and RESTful API communication. Performance evaluation revealed that the implemented model demonstrated strong potential for improving drug administration accuracy, enhancing clinical decision-making, and streamlining pharmaceutical operations. The integrated MedAd4CHD platform further ensures secure data flow, real-time patient information access, and end-to-end medication lifecycle management. This study provides a practical, scalable framework for intelligent CHD medication administration and establishes a foundation for future clinical validation.
Coronary Heart DiseaseIntelligent Drug AdministrationClinical Decision Support SystemHealthcare AutomationMachine Learning in Medicine
Omolola M. Omosebi, Samuel S. Sobowale, Joshua O. Fiola et al. (4 contributing authors)
The rising demand for functional and nutritionally enhanced baked products has driven increased research into composite flour technology. This study developed and evaluated high-quality composite flour and bread from sweet potato-wheat flour incorporated with ginger powder, aiming to enhance the nutritional, sensory, and physicochemical properties. Composite flours were prepared by substituting sweet potato flour at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 30% (WH100, WH95, WH90, WH85, and WH70, respectively) and incorporating 1% ginger powder. The flours were analysed for pasting properties using the Rapid Visco Analyzer, while the bread samples were analysed for proximate composition, pH, and sensory attributes using standard methods. Result showed that protein content was highest in WH100 (15.45%) but declined with an increase in sweet potato inclusion, whereas fibre content improved, reaching 1.27% in WH70. Carbohydrate content also increased, with WH70 recording the highest value (73.13%). pH values ranged from 6.61 in WH70 to 7.23 in WH90, indicating reduced acidity at moderate substitution levels. Pasting results showed that peak viscosity increased with sweet potato addition, highest in WH70 (1564 RVU), although higher substitution also led to greater breakdown viscosity, suggesting reduced paste stability. Sensory evaluation revealed that WH70 achieved the highest overall acceptability among composite breads, closely aligning with the control WH 100, while WH95–WH85 scored lower. These findings suggest that WH70, with sweet potato flour at 30% substitution, in combination with 1% ginger powder, can be incorporated into wheat-based bread to enhance fibre content and functional properties while maintaining desirable sensory quality.
Osinubi D. Adejoke, Lawal O. Elizabeth, Anselm H. Oluwaseun et al. (5 contributing authors)
Typhoid fever is a prevalent ailment around the globe, especially in developing countries like Africa and Asia. Majority of people in this region depend on herbs for treatment. Concerns have, however, been raised regarding herbal contamination from potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study analysed the concentration of five potentially toxic elements, Cu, Cd, Fe, Pd, and Zn in eight commonly used anti-typhoid medicinal plants in Ijagun, Ogun State. Their associated health risk was also assessed. The concentration of the metals was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), and their health risk was assessed using estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) calculations. Fe was the most abundant element in the plant, with M. indica containing the highest concentration (81.01 mg/kg), while cadmium had the lowest concentration in all samples analysed. The health risk assessment showed that all the plant samples screened had HI values <1 (0.0111 to 0.0498), indicating no significant health risks associated with their use as alternative medicine. The varying HI values, however, suggest different safety margins among the plants. The findings of this work provide a reassurance of the general safety of the selected anti-typhoid plants, however, continuous monitoring of the PTE concentration in medicinal plants is required to prevent heath implication due to bioaccumulation from long-term exposure.
Idowu Atinuke Olamide, Sobowale Sunday Samuel and Fagbemi Tayo Nathaniel
Maize-based snacks are deficient in protein and vitamin A, which can be enriched using value-added processes to incorporate appropriate food ingredients such as African yam bean seed flour (AYBSF). African yam bean seed is a nutrient-dense, but underutilised crop. This study was designed to investigate some quality attributes of maize-based snacks enriched with AYBSF, and its application as functional food ingredients. The maize variety containing carotenoids was chosen to produce maize flour (MF), and enriched with AYBSF to produce snacks (Kokoro) at various substituted ratios MF/AYBSF (100:0, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40) using Box Behnken experimental design. Carotenoid contents, trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), in vivo protein quality and sensory attributes of the samples were determined. The carotenoids contents of the flour blends showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in lutein (7.20-5.11µg/g), zeaxanthin (10.36-6.06 µg/g), β-cryptoxanthin (1.83-1.13 µg/g), α-carotene (0.36-0.21 µg/g) and β-carotene (1.84-0.92 µg/g) as the percentage of AYBSF increased in the flour blends. The TIA was not detected in 100% MF, but TIA increased in the flour blends with the increasing percentage of AYBSF, which reduced significantly during the processing of the flour blends into Kokoro. The protein availability in Kokoro depicted no significant (p>0.05) difference from the standard casein diet, which implies that the developed snack compares well with standard casein. This study shows that enriching maize-based snacks with AYBSF is a good prospect which could be useful in advising nutritional programs, especially for school-aged children. Kokoro enriched with AYBSF could be preferred to the commonly consumed carbohydrate-based snacks.
This study investigates the effectiveness of XGBoost and LSTM models in predicting the directional changes in Microsoft stock price using incremental values to mitigate inaccuracies in Directional Accuracy Percentage (DAP) evaluations. A twenty-three-year Microsoft stock prices dataset from Yahoo Finance spanning January 1st, 2000, to December 31st, 2023 is utilized, the dataset is scaled, and technical indicators are computed. Both models are trained on the extracted features to predict directional changes, evaluated using the Directional Accuracy Percentage (DAP). The XGBoost model achieves an accuracy metric value of 71.02%, whereas LSTM ranges from 62.42% to 67.10%. A Mann-Whitney U test confirms a significant difference in predictive performance, favouring XGBoost. This finding suggests XGBoost as a more effective tool for short-term decision-making in stock trading, underlining its potential to improve the predictive accuracy in financial forecasting and advancing predictive modelling research.
Kayode Seun Adedayo, Seyi Abiodun Sonloye, Samson Ibukun Akinsola et al. (6 contributing authors)
Using the spray pyrolysis method, Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were deposited on microscope glass slides at different substrate temperatures. Zinc acetate and thiourea were used as the precursor to prepare the ZnS films. The substrate temperature were respectively set at 300 o C and 350 o C for the samples under investigation. The annealing temperature for the prepared film is 400 0 C. The films range in thickness from 4.42 to 29.7 µm. The impacts of both substrate and annealing temperature on the optical and structural properties of ZnS were investigated via the UV-visible spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses respectively. The results revealed that the grain size of ZnS films varied from 20.74 nm to 28.70 nm as substrate temperature increased from 300 o C to 350 o C. The films also possessed a polycrystalline cubic structure with (111) preferential orientation. The ZnS films showed more than 20 to 25 % transparency in the near-infrared and visible spectrums. The refractive index falls between 3.04 and 3.07. The energy band gaps of prepared films decreases from 3.35 eV to 2.80 eV with increasing substrate temperature, as estimated from the optical analysis for the ZnS. The obtained properties show a suitably fit material as window layer in a thin film solar cell and some other optoelectronic applications.
AnnealingSpray PyrolysisZinc SulphideSolar CellSubstrate Temperature
Tai Solarin University of Education (TASUED) has faced challenges in the efficiency and coordination of its clinic emergency response system, leading to delays and raising concerns about the safety of students, staff, and visitors. This study aims to design and implement a computerized TASUED Clinic Emergency Response System to enhance emergency management capabilities. Leveraging technology, the proposed system seeks to streamline communication channels, improve response times, and ensure effective coordination during emergencies. Observational methods and interviews conducted at the TASUED Medical Center revealed inefficiencies in patient registration, waiting times, and staff scheduling. Based on these findings, the system was developed using a top-down design approach and modular testing strategy, ensuring robust and reliable functionality. The implementation includes a user-friendly login interface and a comprehensive dashboard for healthcare professionals, facilitating efficient emergency response. This system's deployment is a significant step towards improving emergency management at TASUED and can serve as a model for other institutions facing similar challenges.
There is limited availability and usage of cooking gas leakage detectors for fire safety purposes in developing countries of Africa owing to their high cost, unstable electric power supply source and inefficient gas sensor architecture although over 80% of the population relies on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. Unfortunately, LPG cookers are associated with most fire and gas explosions in this region because of its high flammability emanating from gas leakages within the system, leading to environmental hazards. This paper presents the development of low cost, reduced electric power consumption, miniaturized LPG gas leakage detector. The developed device implements unique system for the detection of LPG gas, triggers an alarm through a buzzer upon detection of leakage, and delivers a warning short message service (SMS) to the enrolled users prompting them of the LPG gas leakage or incomplete combustion of the LPG gas at the burners. The deployed circuitry demonstrates high levels of efficiency, reliability, and is affordable, therefore is attractive for low-income countries of Africa.
Nigerian correctional facilities rely on inefficient manual record-keeping processes, hindering effective prisoner information management and inter-agency coordination. This study aims to develop a comprehensive, centralized, web-based Prison Management System (PMS) to modernize and streamline operations in Nigerian correctional centers. The research employed a multifaceted data collection approach, including interviews, observations, and form evaluations. System development utilized the Incremental Model, incorporating MySQL, PHP, and JavaWeb technologies. The proposed PMS introduces a unified platform consolidating prisoner profiles, including demographic details, biometric data, parole status, visitor records, and departure logs. The system enables remote access, real-time information exchange, and intelligent administration through cloud computing integration. This digital transformation promises to elevate the Nigerian correctional system's efficiency, accountability, and inter-agency coordination, contributing to a more effective and secure justice framework.
Sodiya, E. F. 1, Olagbende et al. (6 contributing authors)
The components of the solid wastes generated from various units of the soda lime silica glass manufacturing process were investigated. Samples were taken from the wastes generated from cullet and sediments of waste pond of sand treatment plant, also packaging material waste from the cold end (packaging section) classified as domestics. Yield test were carried out on these samples grouped as treatment plants and domestics according to the source to know the amount of both individual and collective components of the sample. The samples contain heterogeneous, materials of different substances. Sand constituents in the domestics sample was 30% and 34% in the sample from cullet treatment. While. Cullet particles was 19% in the domestics and 45% in the sample from its treatment plant. Other materials of dissimilar constituents such as corrugated trays, crown corks, Polythene sheets broke off planks from wooden pallets constitute which are further sorted and discharged as scraps. The solid wastes generated from soda lime silica glass manufacturing process are non-degradable. The sand and cullet particle wastes are used for making concretes for lintels and deckings. Also for earth fill ups in civil construction industries. Other materials that formed past pf the waste of dissimilar constituents to recyclable raw materials were separated and grouped for either recycle or discharge into government-approved dumped site.
Ajayi, Olulope Olufemi, Akerele et al. (4 contributing authors)
Skin lightening is a widespread cosmetic practice that involves the use of chemical compounds to alter skin tone, often with the aim of achieving a lighter complexion. Despite its popularity, there is growing concern about the potential health risks associated with skin bleaching products, particularly their effects on the endocrine system. This narrative article explores the complex relationship between skin bleaching components and their impact on endocrine function, shedding light on a critical yet often overlooked aspect of this controversial practice. The findings in this study suggest that the endocrine disrupting effects of skin lightening components extend beyond localized skin reactions to systemic disturbances in hormone regulation. Therefore, the use of skin lightening creams should be approached with caution. Regulatory measures are also urgently needed to restrict the use of harmful ingredients in cosmetic products and promote safer alternatives. Healthcare providers play a vital role in educating the public about the risks of skin lightening and advocating for stricter regulations to protect consumer health. Addressing the endocrine disrupting effects of skin bleaching components is crucial for safeguarding the wellbeing of individuals and communities worldwide.
Sodiya, E. F., Oshinuga et al. (4 contributing authors)
This research investigated heavy metals contaminants in Mountain Top University (MTU) Lake. The use of the lake for several agricultural purposes particularly fishing necessitated this project as most people in the community patronize the bay for food. It is expected that the contents of the lake will invariably make up the water animals therein. This report examines the physicochemical quality of the Lake. Lammottee spectrophotometer was used to determine the array of metals present in the body of water. The result from the physicochemical analysis reveals the presence of Chromium (Cr) 4.31 ppm, Lead (Pb) 0.04 ppm, Iron (Fe) 0.49 ppm, Copper (Cu) 0.12 ppm, and Manganese (Mn) 0.03 ppm. Out of these five heavy metals analysed, Only Copper and Manganese were below acceptable consumable levels, Iron, Lead and Chromium were above with Chromium at exceeding concentration. This indicated substantial deviation from the recommended or regulatory limit. The high concentration of chromium in particular in the body of the water rendered the lake unfit for agricultural purposes. Chromated water is toxic to the health of living organisms with minimal benefits.
