In this paper, the soil temperature dynamics in south-western Nigeria is investigated using nonlinear time series analysis approach. The 5-mins interval soil temperature data observed continuously over a period of 1 year (from January to December, 2012) were analysed to investigate the existence of chaos. We employed the method of false nearest neighbour carefully interlaced with the average mutual information method to reconstruct the original attractor of the soil temperature's evolution process. The Lyapunov exponent, in addition to the strange attractor of the process, was also employed to identify chaos in the process. Numerical simulations were performed to show the validity of our approach. Tabular and graphical are presented. The results of the computation show the existence of chaos in the soil temperature.
Soil temperaturechaosnonlinear time seriesfalse nearest neighbouraverage mutual information
C. O. Tinubu, O. J. Falana, D. O. Aborisade et al. (5 contributing authors)
Application layer Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are becoming increasingly prevalent on Internet based web services. Severe HTTP GET flood attacks are often launched by attackers, wherein web servers become overwhelmed with superfluous GET requests. This exhausts the processing and connectivity resources of the servers, hence resulting in service failures. As availability of services is key to online service providers, this work presents a behavioral based detection system named 'DDoSDetect' for HTTP GET flood attacks. In DDoSDetect, a traffic monitor tracks incoming GET requests sent to the server. Four distinct behavioral features such as the rate of requests, time interval between successive requests, session rate and the frequency of requests on a web page, are employed to analyze user's behaviors. A detection unit driven by three phases: LRP (Legitimate Request Phase), IRP (Illegitimate Request Phase) and SVM-RC (Support Vector Machine-Request Classifier) is designed to intelligently classify incoming GET requests. Illegitimate GET requests are dropped while legitimate requests are forwarded to the web server. DDoSDetect is implemented and results obtained from evaluation processes signify the effectiveness of the system towards the mitigation of HTTP GET flood attacks. Also, the system is real time and capable of handling sophisticated attacks.
Application layeravailabilityDDoS attacksHTTP GET floodInternet
J. A. Balogun, F. A. Kasali, O. D. Adekola et al. (5 contributing authors)
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus and it primarily affects the liver. Hepatitis C often leads to liver disease and occasionally cirrhosis while in some cases, those with cirrhosis will develop complications such as liver failure. This study was aimed at developing a classification model for the classification of the survival of patients living with hepatitis C. The study collected data containing 19 attributes and 155 records from an online repository created by UCI machine learning repository following which C4.5 decision trees algorithm was adopted for developing the classification model. The results of the study showed that the decision tree is suitable for developing the classification model because of its structural representation of the classification of the survival of Hepatitis C disease. The evaluation of the model simulation process showed that the best performance using the percentage split was achieved using 90 percent for training and 10 percent for testing with an accuracy of 86.67% while using the k-fold cross validation was achieved using 10-fold with an accuracy of 83.87%. Overall, the best performance was achieved using 90 percent of the dataset for training and 10 percent for testing owing for an accuracy of 86.67%. The results also showed that a number of variables were extracted from the initially identified variables and were deemed more relevant for the classification of survival. The study concluded that the If-Then rules which were extracted from the decision tree proved effective in providing decision-support to experts due to its simplicity in interpretation thus mitigating deaths associated with hepatitis C disease.
Hepatitis Cclassification modelingsurvival classificationdecision trees algorithm.
Uzoma Ifeanyi Oduah,\r\nOnyedikachi Alanwoko and Shola Folarin
We hereby present an advanced road vehicle safety device. The device tackles the problem of loss of lives, arising from late medical attention to care for accident victims after an accident as a solution that enables fast response to persons involved in ghastly vehicle accidents. It uses ultrasonic sensor to detect the changes in the body of the vehicle due to a mechanical impact from an accident and sends a signal to the microcontroller which is connected to a buzzer. The buzzer in response to the signal triggers an alarm and simultaneously a Short Message Service (SMS) and recorded phone call are sent to registered contacts in the device. Arduino ATMega328P microcontroller monitors and activates the system when there is impact detected by the ultrasonic sensor. Then the buzzer outputs the warning sound to alert while the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) module sends SMS alert and places a call when there is significant impact on the vehicle. This device senses any Izod Impact causing up to 10cm penetration at the impact zone of the vehicle. The system has a response time of 0-3 seconds for activation of the buzzer and 5-10 seconds for the GSM module.
One of the biggest problems nowadays for network operators are recurring call drops. The number of subscribers has tremendously increased over the years; the quality of service (Call Drop Rate) has become an issue to consider as many subscribers are not satisfied with the services rendered. There are various causes of call drop in telecommunications such as Electromagnetic causes, Irregular user behavior, abnormal network response and others. Over 50% of call drops are caused by electromagnetic strength fluctuations such as power attenuation, deep fading and so on. In this paper vibrational resonance (VR) is proposed as a strategy towards solving the aspect of call drops caused by power attenuation. Attenuated amplitude modulated (AM) signal, with frequency ‘
The synergistic effect of combining both Sida acuta (SA) and Jatropha curcas (JC) leaf extracts on steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated using gasometric and conventional o o weight loss technique at 30 C and 50 C. Surface microscture of the steel with the mixed extract werestudied through Scanning electron microscope(SEM) and Electron dispersive X- ray spectroscopy (EDX) which revealed how the inhibitor hindered the attack of acid on the microstructures thereby preventing its dissolution into the corrodent. The presence of C=O -1 functional band at 1094 cm of ester was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. o o Synergism Parameter(S1) was at optimum at 2.09 and 2.65 at 30 C and 50 C respectively on steel pipe. This implies that synergism is favoured with increasein temperature. S1 greater than 1 confirmed that the mixture of the two plants produced synergised inhibitive effect. The inhibitory power increases with increase in extract concentration. Inhibition Efficiency -3 rangesfrom 60 % to 85 % with increasein extractconcentration of SAalonefrom 0.1 gdm to -3 o 1.0 gdm . When synergisedwith JC, itrangesfrom 77 % to 93 % for SA at 30 C forthesame concentration increase. Results obtained showed that thesynergeticeffects of the plantsextract complimented carbon constituent of the steel to enhanced the corrosion inhibition potential synergized plantextracts overunsynergized onthe steel.
The penetrating influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education has over the last few decades revolutionized education by bringing some drastic changes to the methods of teaching and learning. Nevertheless, a number of challenges are still imminent for the African countries especially Nigeria and some other developing countries because very many of the institutions are still using the traditional classroom method of lecture delivery where course materials are given by the lecturer at the instance of time in a particular location. This situation more often than not, imposes a number of constraints such as time and place on both the instructor and the student, hence their inconsistencies in the pedagogy and learning style due to repetitive nature of teaching/learning. To this end therefore, this paper presents a conceptual approach to develop a virtual classroom system to enhance learning on campus, which we referred to as learning varsity in this work. The system was developed using PHP and MySQL as server- side programming and database respectively. The web-based virtual classroom provides a web enabled interactive learning environment in making education accessible and available to students by providing educational services.
Omolola Mary Omosebi, Oluwatooyin Faramade Oludahunsi
Complementary meals were formulated from quality protein maize, soybean protein concentrate and cassava starch in the ratio 72:18.94:9.06 respectively. The flour blend was extruded to give three meals by varying three extrusion conditions (Temperature, moisture content and screw speed). The formulated diet had protein content values ranging from 20.09% in one of the extruded samples to 22.09% (dry weight basis) in the unextruded sample. The formulated meal (extruded and unextruded) and control diets were fed to rats for 28 days and the effects on body weight, organ weight, clinical signs, histopathology, haematology, and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. There was no significant difference in the weight of the liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, stomach and heart of the rats fed the three extruded samples and the casein diet at p ≤ 0.05. High protein Efficiency Ratio was recorded for the extruded meals (ranging from 2.24 to 2.45). There was significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 between the organ weights of the extruded meal and the unextruded meals. The rats fed the basal diet had the lowest (24%) Packed Cell Volume value while the values recorded for the extruded formulated meals were comparable to that recorded for the casein diet. Portal congestion and shrunken hepatocytes were however noticed in the liver of the rats fed the unextruded and basal diets. Extrusion cooking had significant effects on the biological response of the rats to the formulated diet.
Extrusion cookingprotein qualitynutritional assessmentin vivo digestibilityhaematology
Ceaser A. Moses, Olumuyiwa A. Owolabi, Ijeoma Okolo et al. (5 contributing authors)
Consumption of diets rich in vegetables and fruits protects the human body from acute and chronic diseases. This study determines the effect of blanching on some antinutritional factors and mineral content of Basella alba and Amaranthus hybridus.
The enhancement of corrosion inhibition of galvanised steel by synergised leave extracts of Sida acuta (S.A.) and Jatropha curcas (J.C.) in 1.0 M HCl solution was investigated using the gasometric technique at 30 oC and 50 oC.
Complementary meals were formulated from quality protein maize, soybean protein concentrate and cassava starch in the ratio 72:18.94:9.06 respectively. The flour blend was extruded to give three meals by varying three extrusion conditions...
Extrusion cookingprotein qualitynutritional assessmentin vivo digestibilityhaematology
Uzoma Ifeanyi Oduah, Onyedikachi Alanwoko and Shola Folarin
We hereby present an advanced road vehicle safety device. The device tackles the problem of loss of lives, arising from late medical attention to care for accident victims after an accident as a solution that enables fast response...
